Back pain a $638 billion productivity black hole, Australian study warns

A new study from Monash University has revealed that long-term back problems will cost the Australian economy an estimated $638 billion in lost productivity over the next decade unless urgent action is taken.

The research team, led by Health Economist Dr. Sean Docking, from Monash University’s School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, projected the work-related impact of long-term back problems among working-age Australians (15–64 years).

Researchers found that more than 3.2 million working-age Australians are expected to be living with chronic back issues by 2033, leading to a loss of approximately 4.6% to Australia’s Gross Domestic Product over a 10-year period. The findings are published in JAMA Network Open.

“The economic impact beyond health care costs is often overlooked,” Dr. Docking said. “Early retirement and work absences associated with back problems are costing the Australian economy billions.

“Back pain remains one of the leading causes of disability in Australia. Pain and restricted physical function may result in early exit from the workforce, long-periods of work absence and/or reduced productivity while at work.

“Beyond the significant impact to the Australian economy, these work impacts can create significant financial stress for individuals.”

Importantly, even modest improvements could yield major economic benefits. The study found that reducing the prevalence of long-term back problems by just 10% could add $41.4 billion to Australia’s GDP over a decade.

Co-author and rheumatologist Professor Rachelle Buchbinder, from the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, said opioid prescription and imaging have both been associated with longer work absences, and there are clear efficiencies within the health system that can be addressed.

“Ironically, the health care provided for back pain may be contributing to this issue,” Professor Buchbinder said. “Too many Australians are receiving care contrary to the best available evidence, resulting in little if any benefit and sometimes causing harm.”

Dr. Docking said, “Promoting advice to remain active and at work, alongside providing Australians with the tools to self-manage their back pain can boost workforce participation and productivity. Tackling this very common health issue can improve the health of society and aid in the Government’s priority to address stagnant productivity.”