Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a common condition affecting many children. According to the National Eczema Association, eczema prevalence actually peaks during childhood and currently affects about 9.6 million children in the United States.
It usually begins early in life, before age five, and can cause marked discomfort if not properly addressed. While it’s true that many children eventually outgrow eczema, some continue to experience symptoms into adulthood.
Recognizing its causes, symptoms, and treatment options is key to effective, timely management. Let’s jump in now and discover more.
What is Childhood Eczema?
Eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that leads to dry, itchy, and irritated skin. In children, it typically appears on areas such as the face, neck, elbows, knees, and skin folds like the creases of the arms and legs.
Although eczema is not contagious, it can flare up from time to time, especially in response to specific triggers like allergens, certain fabrics, or diet. For many children, the intense itchiness is particularly bothersome, often resulting in scratching that worsens skin irritation.
Symptoms of Childhood Eczema
Children with eczema may exhibit various symptoms, ranging from mild to severe. The skin often becomes dry and scaly, with patches that may crack or peel. The most characteristic symptom of eczema is intense itching, which can lead to constant scratching, making the condition worse.
The affected skin may appear red or inflamed, as eczema causes swelling due to underlying inflammation. Sometimes, small blisters can develop, which may break open and ooze. Repeated scratching or rubbing can lead to a thickening of the skin in certain areas, creating a leathery texture.
What Causes Childhood Eczema?
Although the exact cause of eczema remains unclear, it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Children who have a family history of eczema, asthma, or allergies are at higher risk of developing this condition.
Various triggers can provoke eczema flare-ups. Environmental factors such as pollen, pet dander, dust mites, and mold can contribute to the onset of symptoms. Additionally, skin irritants like harsh soaps, detergents, and skincare products with strong chemicals or fragrances often aggravate eczema.
Weather changes, particularly cold, dry conditions or extreme heat and humidity, can also play a role in exacerbating the condition. Some children may have flare-ups linked to food allergies, particularly to dairy, eggs, or nuts, although food-related triggers are less common.
Treatments for Childhood Eczema
While there is no cure for eczema, several treatments are available to help manage symptoms and prevent flare-ups. The main goal of treatment is to reduce inflammation, relieve itching, and keep the skin well-moisturized. Here are a handful of treatment options to help reduce your child’s eczema:
1. High-Quality Moisturizers: Consistent use of fragrance-free, hypoallergenic moisturizers can help prevent dryness and maintain the skin’s barrier function.
2. Topical Steroids: For flare-ups, topical steroids such as corticosteroid creams or ointments are often prescribed to reduce inflammation and alleviate itching.
3. Antihistamines: In certain cases, oral antihistamines may be recommended to help control nighttime itching.
4. Wet Wrap Therapy: A method involving applying wet bandages over moisturized skin can be particularly effective for severe cases by promoting healing and soothing irritation.
5. Avoiding Triggers: Harsh soaps, allergens, and certain fabrics can exacerbate eczema, so avoiding these is crucial to managing the condition over the long term.
6. Prescription Inhibitors and Biologics: In more severe instances, doctors may prescribe medications such as calcineurin inhibitors or biologics to help control inflammation and improve the skin’s condition.
Parents should work closely with a pediatrician in Arvada or dermatologist to develop a personalized treatment plan for their child’s eczema. With proper care and attention, most children can manage their symptoms effectively, allowing them to lead active and comfortable lives.
